Saturday, 28 November 2015
Thursday, 19 November 2015
Fabrication, Assembly and Testing of Multiwire Proportional Counters
Fabrication, Assembly and Testing of Multiwire Proportional Counters |
Author(s): |
| Lakshmi Dagar , Amity Institute of Applied Sciences (Amity University) Noida, U. P.; Kajol Chakraborty, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences (Amity University) Noida, U. P.; Punita Verma, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi; Akhil Jhinghan, Inter University Accelerator Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi |
Keywords: |
| Multiwire Proportional Counters, Fabrication, Detector |
Abstract |
Multiwire Proportional Counter (MWPC), a particle studied under
this project is an indispensable part of all nuclear physics experiments
involving the study of compound nucleus and fission fragments. The work
done under this project involves the fabrication, assembly and testing
of a MWPC. The experimental work has been done at Inter University
Accelerator Center (IUAC), New Delhi. The MWPC fabricated at IUAC had an
active area of 16x11 cm2. Timing resolution and gain of the fabricated
MWPC was made to improve over that of already available MWPCs at IUAC by
reducing the anode wire pitch and using a ten micrometer diameter wire
for anode frame. The fabricated MWPC was thoroughly tested with an alpha
source and it was observed that the detector could handle heavy count
rate exceeding 20 KHz without any breakdown. Fabricated MWPC was also
used in a nuclear physics experiment in the NAND experimental set up of
IUAC to extract information about mass, kinetic energy and angular
distribution of fission fragments. All the detailed investigations done
with the detector were part of the M.Sc. Dissertation work of the first
two authors. During under graduation and post-graduation, students study
about proportional counters with emphasis on their construction and
basic principle of operation. However, this project work provided the
first two authors with a unique opportunity of getting a practical
experience on how these proportional counters are fabricated and their
importance in the field of nuclear physics. Thus, project based learning
leaves a larger impact on the mind of the students as far as
understanding of concepts of science is concerned
Introduction
A multi wire proportional counter is simply a gas filled wire chamber consisting of a large number of anode wires stretched in a plane for position measurement. The original motivation of developing such detectors came from the need to track particles in high energy physics experiments. The wire chambers, thus developed worked amazingly well and helped scientists make grea discoveries at particle accelerators. Although these chambers are still used in some laboratories, but since the advent ofhigh resolution silicon detectors their utility has somewhat diminished. Fig.1 shows the sketch of a typical multi wire proportional chamber [1]. The closely spaced thin anode wires are stretched in a plane that is midway between two cathode planes. The cathodes are kept at negative potential with respect to anode wires that are kept at ground potential. Each of the anode wires acts as an independent proportional counter and must therefore be read out independently [2].
For full article .... Visit Site ...www.ijsrd.com
|
Monday, 9 November 2015
IJSRD Conference: (Information and Communication Technologies) & IoT (Internet of Things)
“NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ICT”
Transforming ICT to IoT
In association with
IJSRD– International Journal for Scientific Research & Development
SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research, affiliated to the Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad., is organizing 1-day event named “National Conference on ICT” on 20th January 2016 in association with IJSRD.The conference aims to provide an opportunity to teachers/mentors/ educators and students to acknowledge, celebrate and showcase research being carried out by students by enabling them to engage with the wider communities to exchange ideas and share intellectual activity through paper presentations sessions. The event shall feature research papers presentations by eminent educators and students from all over India in the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) & IoT (Internet of Things).
Organised by
 |
SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research
Opp, Science city, Sola Bhadaj Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380060 Website : www.sal.edu.in |
Publication Partner
 | International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Website: ijsrd.com |
Thursday, 15 October 2015
IJSRD:International Journal for Scientific Research & Development
International Journal for Scientific Research & Development
Wednesday, 23 September 2015
NCIL – 2015 #IJSRD Publication Partner
NCIL - 2015
National Conference on "Student-driven Research for Inspired Learning" in Science and Technology
Organised by ESRC and Dept of Electronics
Publication Partner International Journal for scientific research & Development (IJSRD)
Date: 16-17 October 2015
Saturday, 19 September 2015
Transient Stability of Power System using Facts Device-UPFC
IJSRD Found one good reserch article on Electrical Engineering Department
Abstract— This paper is based on Occurrence of a fault in a
power system causes transients. To stabilize the system, The
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACTS) devices
such as UPFC are becoming important in suppressing
power system oscillations and improving system
damping. The UPFC is a solid-state device, which can be
used to control the active and reactive power.. By using a
UPFC the oscillation introduced by the faults, the rotor
angle and speed deviations can be damped out quickly than
a system without a UPFC. The effectiveness of UPFC in
suppressing power system oscillation is investigated by
analyzing their oscillation in rotor angle and change in
speed occurred in the two machine system considered in
this work. A proportional integral (PI) controller has been
employed for the UPFC. It is also shown that a UPFC can
control independently the real and reactive power flow in a
transmission line. A MATLAB simulation has been carried
out to demonstrate the performance of the UPFC in
achieving transient stability of the two-machine five-bus
system.
I. INTRODUCTION
The UPFC is the most versatile of the FACTS devices.
The main function of the UPFC is to control the flow
of real and reactive power by injection of a voltage in
series with the transmission line. Both the magnitude and
the phase angle of the voltage can be varied
independently. Real and reactive power flow control
can allow for power flow in prescribed routes, loading of
transmission lines closer to their thermal limits and can
be utilized for improving transient and small signal
stability of the power system.
Fig. Schematic diagram of UPFC
The UPFC consists of two branches. The series branch
consists of a voltage source converter, which injects a
voltage in series through a transformer. The inverter at the
input end of the UPFC is connected in shunt to the AC
power system and the inverter at the input end of the UPFC
is connected in series with the AC transmission circuit.
Since the series branch of the UPFC can inject a voltage
with variable magnitude and phase angle it can
exchange real power with the transmission line. However
the UPFC as a whole cannot supply or absorb real power in
steady state (except for the power drawn to compensate
for the losse.
The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) was
proposed' for real turn-off time control and dynamic
compensation of ac transmission systems, providing the
necessary functional flexibility required to solve many of
the problems facing the utility industry. The Unified Power
Flow Controller consists of two switching converters,
which in the implementations considered are voltage
sourced inverters using gate thyristors valves, as
illustrated in Fig. These inverters, labeled "Inverter1" and
"Inverter 2" in the figure, are operated from a common dc
link provided by a dc storage capacitor.
This arrangement
functions as an ideal auto ac power converter in which the
real power can freely flow in either direction between the
ac terminals of the two inverters and each inverter can
independently generate (or absorb) reactive power at its
own ac output terminal since the series branch of the UPFC
can inject a voltage with variable magnitude and phase
angle it can exchange real power with the transmission line.
However a UPFC as a whole cannot supply or absorb real
power in steady state (except for the power drawn to
compensate for the losses). Unless it has a power source at
its DC terminals. Thus the shunt branch is required to
Transmission Line
Shunt Transformer
VSC2 VSC1
Control
Transient Stability of Power System Using Facts Device-UPFC
(IJSRD/Vol. 1/Issue 3/2013/0025)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 507
compensate (from the system for any real power
drawn/supplied by the series branch and the losses. if the
power balance is not maintained, the capacitor cannot
remain at a constant voltage. Shunt branch can
independently exchange reactive power with the system.
For full article Click Here
For More detail about research work
visit us : www.ijsrd.comSaturday, 8 August 2015
Special Issue For Image Processing
Best 25 papers will be published online.Participate in this special issue and get a chance to win the Best Paper Award for Image Processing. Also other authors will have special prizes to be won.
Submit Special Issue Manuscript Online
Last Date For Paper Submission of Special Issue : 25th August 2015
What is Image Processing?
Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that image. Usually Image Processingsystem includes treating images as two dimensional signals while applying already set signal processing methods to them.
It is among rapidly growing technologies today, with its applications in various aspects of a business. Image Processing forms core research area within engineering and computer science disciplines too.Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible.
Analog or visual techniques of image processing can be used for the hard copies like printouts and photographs. Image analysts use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these visual techniques. The image processing is not just confined to area that has to be studied but on knowledge of analyst. Association is another important tool in image processing through visual techniques. So analysts apply a combination of personal knowledge and collateral data to image processing.
Digital Processing techniques help in manipulation of the digital images by using computers. As raw data from imaging sensors from satellite platform contains deficiencies. To get over such flaws and to get originality of information, it has to undergo various phases of processing. The three general phases that all types of data have to undergo while using digital technique are Pre- processing, enhancement and display, information extraction.
If you have worked on any part of image processing prepare a research paper and submit to us
It is among rapidly growing technologies today, with its applications in various aspects of a business. Image Processing forms core research area within engineering and computer science disciplines too.Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible.
Analog or visual techniques of image processing can be used for the hard copies like printouts and photographs. Image analysts use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these visual techniques. The image processing is not just confined to area that has to be studied but on knowledge of analyst. Association is another important tool in image processing through visual techniques. So analysts apply a combination of personal knowledge and collateral data to image processing.
Digital Processing techniques help in manipulation of the digital images by using computers. As raw data from imaging sensors from satellite platform contains deficiencies. To get over such flaws and to get originality of information, it has to undergo various phases of processing. The three general phases that all types of data have to undergo while using digital technique are Pre- processing, enhancement and display, information extraction.
If you have worked on any part of image processing prepare a research paper and submit to us
Image processing basically includes the following three steps.
- Importing the image with optical scanner or by digital photography.The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
- Analyzing and manipulating the image which includes data compression and image enhancement and spotting patterns that are not to human eyes like satellite photographs.
- Output is the last stage in which result can be altered image or report that is based on image analysis.
Purpose of Image processing
The purpose of image processing is divided into various groups. They are:
- Visualization - Observe the objects that are not visible.
- Image sharpening and restoration - To create a better image.
- Image retrieval - Seek for the image of interest.
- Measurement of pattern – Measures various objects in an image.
- Image Recognition – Distinguish the objects in an image.
Applications of Image processing
Image processing has been an important stream of Research for various fields. Some of the application areas of Image processing are….
Intelligent Transportation Systems – E.g. Automatic Number Plate Recognition, Traffic Sign Recognition
Remote Sensing –E.g.Imaging of earth surfaces using multi Spectral Scanners/Cameras, Techniques to interpret captured images etc.
Object Tracking – E.g. Automated Guided Vehicles, Motion based Tracking, Object Recognition
Defense surveillance – E.g. Analysis of Spatial Images, Object Distribution Pattern Analysis of Various wings of defense. Earth Imaging using UAV etc.
Defense surveillance – E.g. Analysis of Spatial Images, Object Distribution Pattern Analysis of Various wings of defense. Earth Imaging using UAV etc.
Biomedical Imaging & Analysis – E.g. Various Imaging using X- ray, Ultrasound, computer aided tomography (CT) etc. Disease Prediction using acquired images, Digital mammograms.etc.
Automatic Visual Inspection System – E.g.Automatic inspection of incandescent lamp filaments, Automatic surface inspection systems, Faulty component identification etc.
And many other applications…..
To contribute your research work in Image processing please prepare an article on it and submit to us.
http://www.ijsrd.com/SpecialIssue
Tuesday, 4 August 2015
Image Processing Journal Special Issue IJSRD
Are you working on IMAGE PROCESSING ?
PUBLISH YOUR WORK WITH SPECIAL ISSUE by IJSRD...
Click here ---- >> http://www.ijsrd.com/SpecialIssue
#IJSRD IMPACT FACTOR
Monday, 30 March 2015
#ijsrd Impact Factor: 1.82
IJSRD Achieve New Milestone now.....
Year 2014 Impact Factor is now 1.82
Thanks to All Authors
Saturday, 21 March 2015
IJSRD JOURNAL : IJSRD.COM
IJSRD.COM : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
Follow us for latest research update in science and technology with ijsrd.com
http://www.justdial.com/Ahmedabad/Ijsrd-Journal-%3Cnear%3E-Ghodasar/079PXX79-XX79-140514193006-L6P2_QWhtZWRhYmFkIGlqc3Jk_BZDET
Follow us for latest research update in science and technology with ijsrd.com
http://www.justdial.com/Ahmedabad/Ijsrd-Journal-%3Cnear%3E-Ghodasar/079PXX79-XX79-140514193006-L6P2_QWhtZWRhYmFkIGlqc3Jk_BZDET
Saturday, 28 February 2015
#IJSRD #New Milestone #Leading E-Journal #India
Thanks 2 all Authors For Making Fastest Growing E-Journal of INDIA.
IJSRD Successfully Completed 24 Issue.
Submission is open For Volume 3 - Issue 1 ,2015
Papers Received - More then 10000
Total Authors- More then 12000
Accepted Papers - More Then 3200
Visit http://www.ijsrd.com
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)